Comparative evaluation of Latanoprostene Bunod, Timolol Maleate, and latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions to assess their safety and efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure for the management of Open-Angle Glaucoma

OBJECTIVES: Timolol maleate has been reported to be a safer intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering treatment than latanoprost. The United States Food and Drug Administration approved latanoprostene bunod, a nitric oxide-donating prodrug of latanoprost, for lowering IOP. This study compared the safety and efficacy of latanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, and timolol maleate in patients with open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Patients who received latanoprost eye drops once daily in the evening were included in the latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions (LP) cohort (n=104). Those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops once daily in the evening were included in the Latanoprostene Bunod (LB) cohort (n=94). Those who received timolol eye drops twice daily were included in the Timolol Maleate (TM) cohort (n=115). All treatments were administered to the affected eye(s) for 3 months. Informed Consent has been taken from each participant before the trial. RESULTS: At the end of 3 months of treatment, latanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, and timolol were all successful in reducing IOP. The LB cohort had the highest reduction in IOP, compared to the LP and TM cohorts. All treatments had some common adverse ocular effects. CONCLUSION: Latanoprostene bunod was superior to latanoprost and timolol for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

Effects of timolol maleate, levobunolol and apraclonidine on intraocular pressure, pupil size, blood pressure and heart rate in beagles / Efeitos do maleato de timolol, do levobunolol e da apraclonidina sobre a pressão intraocular, o diâmetro pupilar, a pressão sanguínea e a frequência cardíaca, em cães da raça Beagle

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and ECG variables (Pms wave PmV, PR interval, QRS complex, RMV wave and QT intervals) over time during the instillation of 0.5% timolol, 0.5% levobunolol and 0.5% apraclonidine in clinically normal dogs. Ten adult beagles were used. Baseline values were measured at 8a.m., 2p.m. and 8p.m., for three consecutive days. A waiting period of 10 days between the administrations of each drug was established. For 15 consecutive days, the drug being tested was instilled in one eye of each dog twice a day (7a.m. and 7p.m.). The parameters were evaluated at the aforementioned times on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15. Data were statistically compared using the Bonferroni test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (P<0.05). The Pearson test was used to evaluate any correlation between QT interval, HR and BP. The tested drugs did not find a decrease in IOP. A significant decreased in PS was observed in almost all dogs following levobunolol administration, relative to the control eye. A significant decrease in HR was observed on day 3 following levobunolol treatment, while apraclonidine induced an increase on day 15. Blood pressure was reduced in all measurement time points following apraclonidine treatment. A negative correlation between QT interval and HR was only observed in dogs treated with timolol. In conclusion, levobunolol was the only drug that induced significant alterations in PS. Apraclonidine was the only drug that induced systemic hypotension. Timolol was the only drug to that induced a negative correlation between QT and HR.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as mudanças na pressão intraocular (PIO), no diâmetro pupilar (DP), na pressão sanguínea (PS), na frequência cardíaca (FC) e nas variáveis eletrocardiográficas (onda Pms, PmV, intervalo PR, complexo QRS, onda RmV e intervalo QT), ao longo do tempo da instilação do timolol 0,5%, do levobunolol 0,5% e da apraclonidina 0,5% em cães clinicamente normais. Dez Beagles adultos compuseram o estudo. Valores basais foram mensurados às oito,, 14 e 20 horas, durante três dias consecutivos. Foi instituído um período de espera de 10 dias entre a administração de cada fármaco. Durante 15 dias consecutivos, um olho de cada animal recebeu uma gota de cada um deles, a intervalos de 12 horas (às sete e às 19 horas). Os parâmetros foram avaliados nos momentos acima referidos, nos dias três, seis, nove, 12 e 15. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente empregando-se o teste de Bonferroni após análise de variância para medidas repetidas (P<0,05). Teste de Pearson foi utilizado para correlação entre o intervalo QT com a FC e a PS. Não se encontrou diminuição da PIO. Observou-se redução significativa do DP na quase totalidade dos animais que receberam levobunol, relativamente ao olho controle. Diminuição significativa da FC foi vista ao terceiro dia após a administração do levobunolol, enquanto apraclonidina induziu aumento no 15º dia. A pressão arterial foi reduzida em todos os momentos com a apraclonidina. Observou-se correlação negativa entre o intervalo QT e a FC apenas nos indivíduos tratados com o timolol. Em conclusão, levobunolol foi o único fármaco que induziu alterações significativas no DP. A apraclonidina foi o único fármaco que induziu hipotensão sistêmica significativa. O timolol foi o único a ensejar correlação negativa entre o intervalo QT e a FC.(AU)

Comparing the Efficacy of Latanoprost (0.005%), Bimatoprost (0.03%), Travoprost (0.004%), and Timolol (0.5%) in the Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost and timolol in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary-care centre. One hundred and forty patients with newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma were randomly assigned to treatment with latanoprost (0.005%), bimatoprost (0.03%), travoprost (0.004%) or timolol gel (0.5%); 35 patients were assigned to each group. All patients were followed for 2, 6, and 12 weeks. The main outcome measure studied was the change in IOP at week 12 from the baseline values. Safety measures included recording of adverse events. RESULTS: The mean IOP reduction from baseline at week 12 was significantly more with bimatoprost (8.8 mmHg, 35.9%) than with latanoprost (7.3 mmHg, 29.9%), travoprost (7.6 mmHg, 30.8%) or timolol (6.7 mmHg, 26.6%) (ANOVA and Student's t-tests, p < 0.001). Among the prostaglandins studied, bimatoprost produced a maximum reduction in IOP (-2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.25 to -3.18) followed by travoprost (-1.27; 95% CI, -0.81 to -1.27) and latanoprost (-1.25; 95% CI, -0.79 to -1.71); these values were significant when compared to timolol at week 12 (Bonferroni test, p < 0.001). Latanoprost and travoprost were comparable in their ability to reduce IOP at each patient visit. Ocular adverse-events were found in almost equal proportion in patients treated with bimatoprost (41.3%) and travoprost (41.9%), with a higher incidence of conjunctival hyperemia (24.1%) seen in the bimatoprost group. Timolol produced a significant drop in heart rate (p < 0.001) at week 12 when compared to the baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Bimatoprost showed greater efficacy when compared to the other prostaglandins, and timolol was the most efficacious at lowering the IOP. Conjunctional hyperemia was mainly seen with bimatoprost. However, the drug was tolerated well and found to be safe.

Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment after use of anti-glaucomatous eye drops: case report / Descolamento hemorrágico de coroide após o uso de colírios antiglaucomatosos: relato de caso

Eighty-two-year-old patient with a pacemaker using warfarin due to arrhythmia and having an intraocular lens in the right eye, developed spontaneous hemorrhagic choroidal detachment one day after the use of combined preparation of 0.5% timolol maleate and 0.004% travoprost, due to primary open-angle glaucoma. Hemorrhagic detachment was detected by anterior and posterior segment examination, as well as B-scan ultrasonography. After the detachment, excessive increased intraocular pressure was controlled with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, cycloplegic and steroid therapy. After four months, visual acuity was 20/20 and the intraocular pressure was under control with 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% brinzolamide. Controlled reduction of the intraocular pressure should be considered, particularly in older patients under anticoagulant therapy and that had undergone prior ocular surgery.

Paciente de oitenta e dois anos de idade com marca-passo e utilizando varfarina devido à arritmia cardíaca e com uma lente intraocular no olho direito, desenvolveu descolamento de hemorrágico espontâneo de coroide um dia após o uso de colírio combinado de maleato de timolol a 0,5% e travoprosta a 0,004%, devido ao glaucoma de ângulo aberto primário. O descolamento hemorrágico foi detectado por análise do segmento anterior e posterior, bem como ultrassonografia modo B. Após o descolamento, o aumento excessivo da pressão intraocular foi controlado por inibidor da anidrase carbônica via oral, terapia cicloplégica e esteroides. Após quatro meses, a acuidade visual era 20/20 e a pressão intraocular estava sob controle com o maleato de timolol a 0,5% e brinzolamida a 1%. A redução controlada da pressão intraocular deve ser considerada, especialmente em pacientes idosos sob terapia anticoagulante e que tinham sido submetidos à cirurgia ocular prévia.

Eficácia da combinação fixa de timolol 0, 5% e brinzolamida 1% no tratamento do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e na hipertensão ocular / Efficacy of fixed combination of timolol 10% and Brinzolamide 1% for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e conforto dos pacientes portadores de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) ou hipertensão ocular (HO) em uso da combinação fixa de timolol 0,5% e brinzolamida 1%. MÉTODOS: Foram acompanhados prospectivamente 26 pacientes portadores de GPAA ou HO, num total de 50 olhos que foram instituídos a utilizarem a combinação fixa de timolol 0,5% e brinzolamida 1%. As avaliações foram feitas por um único examinador por tonometria de aplanação (Goldman) em 7 e 30 dias. Os possíveis efeitos colaterais e intolerância foram descritos pelos próprios pacientes através da pergunta: "Você sentiu alguma alteração ao pingar a medicação prescrita?" Os dados foram coletados e analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Os valores de pressão intraocular (PIO) foram significativamente menores nas avaliações de 7 e 30 dias (p<0,001). A média da redução da PIO foi de 38%, variando de uma média inicial de 23,8 mmHg para 14,6 e 14,4 mmHg nos dias 7 e 30, respectivamente. Dos 26 pacientes incluídos apenas 4 relataram alguma queixa ao pingar o colírio, sendo que as queixas variaram de ardência, leve queimação e embaçamento. CONCLUSÃO: A combinação fixa de timolol 0,5% e brinzolamida 1% mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com GPAA e HO com eficácia semelhante a da literatura e apresentou um baixo índice de efeitos desconfortáveis relatados pelos usuários da medicação.

OBJETICVE: To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of timolol 0,5% and brinzolamide 1% fixed combination in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH). METHODS: 50 eyes of 26 patients with POAG or OH were evaluated with topical therapy with fixed combination of timolol 0.5% and brinzolamide 1%.The measurements with Goldmann tonometry were applied by only one ophthalmologist after 7 and 30 days on medication. The side effects were described by the patient based on the following question: "Did you feel any alteration with the prescribed drops?" The data were collected and analized statistically. RESULTS: The intraocular pressure (IOP) was lower in 7 and 30 days (p<0.001).The mean reduction in IOP was 38% with a variation from 23,8 mmhg to 14.6 and 14.4 mmhg in 7 and 30 days. Four patients had side effects: burning and blurring vision were related. CONCLUSION: the fixed combination of timolol 0.5% and brinzolamide 1% had good results with lower IOP in the treatment of patients with POAG and OH just like in the literature and had few side effects.

Effect of dacryocystorhinostomy on systemic adverse effects of topical timolol maleate.

Purpose: To evaluate whether transformation of the naso-lacrimal passage as happens after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) operation has any effect on the systemic adverse effects of topically administered timolol maleate. Materials and Methods: Fifty otherwise healthy adult patients without any prior history of cardiac or pulmonary problems scheduled for elective DCR surgery received a drop of timolol maleate 0.5% on the healthy eye. This eye served as a control. Six weeks after successful DCR surgery, the operated eye received the same medication. Parameters compared included intraocular pressure (IOP), pulse rate, blood pressure and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) findings. Observations: Post DCR patients showed an increased incidence of reduced pulse rate and FEV1. Conclusion: Timolol maleate ophthalmic preparation should be used with caution in post-DCR patients.

Timolol tópico en el tratamiento de rosácea eritematotelangiectásica: ensayo clínico randomizado doble ciego / Topical timolol in the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea: double blind randomized clinical trial

Introducción: La rosácea es un síndrome inflamatorio crónico frecuente que afecta principalmente la zona centrofacial. El subtipo más común, la rosácea eritematotelangiectásica (RET), no cuenta con un tratamiento efectivo demostrado. Estudios in vitro han propuesto que el factor de crecimiento endotelial (VEGF) podría tener un rol clave en la génesis de la rosácea al inducir angiogénesis. El uso exitoso de betabloqueadores orales (propanolol) y tópicos (timolol) en el hemangioma de la infancia abrió las puertas al estudio de la inhibición de la angiogénesis como principal objetivo terapéutico de las patologías vasculares benignas. Debido a que este subtipo de rosácea y los hemangiomas podrían presentar una etiopatogenia similar, se propone el estudio del efecto del timolol en este subtipo de rosácea. Metodología: Ensayo clínico randomizado doble ciego. Se reclutaron 67 pacientes con RET desde septiembre a diciembre de 2011. Se asignó un grupo con timolol tópico al 1 por ciento en base oil free y otro sólo con base oil free. Todos los pacientes recibieron instrucción y tratamiento estándar consistente en un limpiador, hidratante y protector solar. Nuestro outcome primario fue la diferencia de reducción del grado de eritema a las 12 semanas con colorímetro CR 200 de Minolta, y fue analizado según intención de tratar. Se evaluaron además las diferencias en las características clínicas, demográficas, el tamaño de las telangiectasias, la calidad de vida, evaluación subjetiva del tratamiento por el paciente, la adherencia a tratamiento y las reacciones adversas. Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa en el grado de eritema a las 12 semanas de tratamiento entre los grupos, lo que permite rechazar la hipótesis diagnóstica. Tampoco se encontró diferencia alguna en los otros parámetros estudiados.

Introduction: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory syndrome that mainly affects the midface area. The most common subtype, Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) has no proven effective treatment. Studies in vitro have suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have a key role in the pathogenesis of rosacea inducing angiogenesis. The successful use of oral (propanolol) and topical (timolol) betablockers in the childhood hemangioma conducted to the study of inhibition of angiogenesis as a main therapeutic target of benign vascular pathologies. Because this subtype of rosacea and hemangiomas share a similar pathogenesis, we proposed to study the effect of timolol in this subtype of rosacea. Methodology: Double blind randomized clinical trial. We recruited 67 patients with ETR from September to December of 2011. Two groups were assigned one with 1percent topical timolol oil free based and the other group used only the vehicle. All patients also received education and standard treatment consisting of a cleanser, moisturizer and sunscreen. The primary outcome was the difference in reducing the degree of erythema at week 12, and was evaluated through the Minolta CR 200 colorimeter and analyzed by intention to treat. Secondary outcomes were differences in clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients, the size of telangiectasias, quality of life, subjective evaluation from the patient, adherence to treatment and adverse reactions. Results: No significant difference was seen in the reduction of erythema degree at week 12 allowing us to reject the hypothesis. There were also no difference in all the other parameters. Conclusion: The present study shows that the use of topical timolol its not superior to placebo in reducing the degree of erythema or any of the variables analyzed. This study shows that topical timolol not constitute a possible treatment in ETR.

Skin eruption and thrombocytopaenia in a woman with glaucoma: a case report / Erupción cutánea y trombocitopenia en una mujer con glaucoma: reporte de un caso

Antibiotic and non-antibiotic sulphonamides are often prescribed. Although chemical differences make cross-reactivity rare, reactions may be severe in patients allergic to sulphur. Adverse reactions are common with sulphonamides but low platelets and skin changes are rarely associated with eye-drops for glaucoma. A woman treated with dorzolamide and timolol presented with disseminated eruption. On admission, her physical examination was unremarkable except for the skin changes and severe thrombocytopaenia was detected. Skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, perivascular and periadnexal infiltrates with no vasculitis. After discontinuation of eye-drops, the eruption improved but low platelets persisted. Skin changes reappeared with use of dapsone which suggested sulphonamide cross-reactivity.

A menudo se prescriben sulfonamidas antibióticas y no-antibióticas. Aunque las diferencias químicas hacen que la reactividad cruzada sea algo raro, las reacciones pueden ser severas en los pacientes alérgicos al azufre. Las reacciones adversas son comunes con las sulfonamidas pero las plaquetas bajas y los cambios en la piel raramente se asocian con las gotas oculares para el glaucoma. A una mujer a quien se le hizo un tratamiento con dorzolamida y timolol, se le presentó una erupción diseminada. En el momento del ingreso, su examen físico fue común y corriente excepto por los cambios en la piel. Además se le detectó una trombocitopenia severa. La biopsia de la piel reveló hiperqueratosis, acanthosis, infiltrados perivasculares y periadnexales sin vasculitis. Tras descontinuar las gotas oculares, la erupción mejoró pero las plaquetas bajas persistieron. Los cambios de la piel reaparecieron con el uso de dapsona, lo que hizo pensar en una reactividad cruzada de la sulfonamida.

Conjunctival changes induced by prostaglandin analogues and timolol maleate: a histomorphometric study

PURPOSE: To compare histological changes induced by antiglaucoma medications in the rabbit conjunctiva. METHODS: Fifty New Zealand rabbits were divided in 5 groups of 10 animals. The left eyes were treated daily with one drop of bimatoprost 0.03 percent, travoprost 0.004 percent, latanoprost 0.005 percent, timolol maleate 0.5 percent or artificial tears containing benzalkonium chloride (BAK) for 30 days. The right eyes served as controls. Superior limbic conjunctival biopsies were performed at the 8th and 30th day in 5 rabbits of each group. The conjunctiva was fixed with 10 percent formaldehyde, followed by HE and PAS staining. Morphohistometric quantitative analyses were performed to evaluate the following parameters: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial thickness, number of goblet cells, diameter and number of blood vessels. RESULTS: At the 8th and 30th posttreatment days, all groups, except one that received artificial tears, exhibited a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, composed by lymphocytes and neutrophils, which was denser in the timolol group than in the prostaglandin (PG) analogues groups. At the 30th day, the timolol group also showed an increased subepithelial collagen density and a significant increase in epithelial thickness (p=0.0035). The goblet cell density was significantly increased at the 8th day in the group treated with travoprost (p=0.0006), and at the 30th day in those treated with bimatoprost (p=0.0021) and latanoprost (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Although a moderate, diffuse inflammatory infiltrate was observed in PG-treated eyes, no changes in conjunctival epithelial thickness or subconjunctival collagen density were observed with these medications, suggesting that these drugs induce fewer changes than timolol maleate in the rabbit conjunctiva.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar alterações histológicas induzidas por medicação anti-glaucomatosa na conjuntiva de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididos em 5 grupos de 10 animais. Os olhos esquerdos foram tratados com uma gota diária de bimatoprosta 0,03 por cento, travoprosta 0,004 por cento, latanoprosta 0,005 por cento, maleato de timolol 0,5 por cento ou lágrimas artificiais contendo cloreto de benzalcônio (BAK) por 30 dias. Os olhos direitos serviram como controles. Foram realizadas biópsias conjuntivais límbicas superiores no 8º e 30º dias em 5 coelhos de cada grupo. A conjuntiva foi fixada com formaldeído 10 por cento, seguido por coloração de HE e PAS. Foi realizada análise quantitativa morfohistométrica para avaliar os seguintes parâmetros: infiltrado inflamatório, espessura epitelial, número de células caliciformes, diâmetro e número de vasos sanguíneos. RESULTADOS: No 8º e 30º dias de tratamento, todos os grupos, exceto aquele que recebeu lágrimas artificiais, exibiram infiltrado inflamatório difuso, composto por linfócitos e neutrófilos, sendo mais denso no grupo timolol do que nos grupos dos análogos de prostaglandinas. No 30º dia, o grupo timolol apresentou um aumento na densidade de colágeno subepitelial e um aumento significativo da espessura epitelial (p=0,0035). A densidade de células caliciformes aumentou significativamente no 8º dia no grupo tratado com travoprosta (p=0,0006), e no 30º dia nos grupos tratados com bimatoprosta (p=0,0021) e latanoprosta (p=0,009). CONCLUSÕES: Embora tenha sido observado um infiltrado inflamatório difuso e moderado nos olhos tratados com análogos de prostaglandinas, não houve alterações na espessura epitelial conjuntival ou densidade colágena subepitelial com essas medicações, sugerindo que essas drogas induzem menores alterações que o maleato de timolol na conjuntiva de coelhos.

Avaliação ultra-estrutural dos efeitos tóxicos da mitomicina C no epitélio ciliar de olhos de coelhos normais com e sem tratamento hipotensor ocular prévio / Ultrastructural evaluation of mitomycin C toxic effects on the ciliary epithelium of normal rabbits eyes with and without aqueous humor suppressant treatment

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o epitélio ciliar interno (ECI) do corpo ciliar após aplicação de mitomicina C (MMC) sob retalho escleral, em animais tratados com dois tipos de inibidores da produção do humor aquoso. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados ambos os olhos de 16 coelhos divididos em 4 grupos experimentais. Foi realizado retalho escleral em todos os olhos dos animais, mas apenas os olhos direitos (OD) receberam MMC. No grupo 1 (G1) não houve tratamento prévio. Nos grupos G2 e G4 foi administrada acetazolamida e nos grupos G3 e G4 maleato de timolol. O ECI foi examinado à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Os olhos esquerdos formaram os grupos controle. RESULTADOS: Em todos os grupos exceto no G1 OE, foram observadas: retração das células e/ou alargamento entre invaginações, mitocôndrias com rarefação, vesículas claras e corpos densos. A membrana limitante interna estava espessada, descontínua ou descolada em todos grupos exceto G1 OE e G2 OE. Foi observada liberação de material citoplasmático apenas nos grupos tratados com inibidores da produção de humor aquoso. CONCLUSÕES: 1- MMC, acetazolamida e maleato de timolol causaram alterações morfológicas no epitélio ciliar mesmo usados isoladamente. 2- A associação MMC e acetazolamida causou mais alterações do que a acetazolamida isoladamente, mas não mais do que a MMC isoladamente. 3- Nas demais associações as alterações foram semelhantes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on the internal ciliary epithelium (ICE) of the ciliary body of animals treated with two differents aqueous humor supressants. METHODS: The eyes of sixteen Norfolk albino rabbits divided into four experimental groups were studied. The right eyes (RE) of the four groups received 0.1 ml of MMC (0.5 mg/ml) under the scleral flap. The left eyes (LE) was the control group. Group 1 (G1) did not have any other treatment. To Group 2 (G2) and Group 4 (G4) acetazolamide was administered. To Group (G3) and Group 4 (G4) timolol maleate was administered. ICE was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: The following aspects were observed in all groups, except in G1 LE: cell shrinkage and/or enlargement of intercellular spaces, rarefied mitochondria, clear vesicular structures and electron-dense bodies. The internal limitant membrane showed to be thickened, discontinued and separeted in all groups, except in G1 LE and G2 LE. Discharge of cytoplasmatic material was observed only in the groups treated with aqueous humor supressants. CONCLUSIONS: 1) MMC, acetazolamide and timolol maleate caused morphological alterations in the ciliary epithelium even when used alone. 2) The combination of MMC and acetazolamide caused more alterations than did isolated acetazolamide, but not more than MMC alone. 3) For the other combinations the alterations were similar.

[comparison of ocular hypotensive response to betaxolol and timolol and their topical and systemic side effects]

This is a study to compare the efficacy and side effects of betaxolol and timolol in lowering the IOP of primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This Double-blind randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 29 eyes of 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Each patient received timolol 0.5% and betaxolol 0.5% [SINA DAROU] twice daily for four weeks in two phases. Before and between the two courses of treatment there was a wash-out period. At the end of the study the effect of these two drugs on intraocular pressure [lOP], mean arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, and basic tear secretion in addition to ocular symptoms were evaluated and statistically analyzed. The study was performed on 29 eyes of 20 patients with baseline IOP of 28,45 +/- 1.64 mmHg. After 4 weeks of treatment, timolol and betaxolol reduced IOP by 7.24 +/- 1.97 mmHg 25.36 +/- 1.22% and 3.55 +/- 1.18 mmHg 12.52 +/- 0.82%, respectively [P<0.001] and the difference between the two groups was also significant [P<0.001]. Mean arterial blood pressure was reduced with betaxolol and timolol by 6.37 +/- 3.96 mmHg [P<0.001], and 6.30 +/- 3.84 mmHg [P<0.001], respectively, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant. Pulse rate was reduced with timolol and betaxolol by 7.37 +/- 3.22 beats /min, and 7.41 +/- 3.77 beats /min, respectively P>0.05. No significant difference was considered between two groups. Mean reduction in basic tear secretion with timolol and betaxolol was 1.31 +/- 0.66 mm/5min and 1.48 +/- 0.82 mm/5min, respectively; intergroup comparison was also not significant. Patients in 62.1% of the betaxolol group and 27.2% of the timolol group complained about eye burning. The differece between two groups was significant [P<0.01]. lacrimation-eye pruritis and bitter tastes was more in betaxolol group. Other symptoms were similar between two groups. Timolol is superior to betaxolol in treatment of early glaucoma or ocular hypertension, but both drugs should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular compromise

Mieux prescrire le timolol dans hypertension intraoculaire et dans le glaucome chronique a angle ouvert

N.A.

Beta Blocker Eye Drops Related Airway Obstruction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the awareness among chest physicians, ophthalmologists and patients about use of eye drops with particular reference to beta blockers such as timolol as an agent of aggravating breathlessness in predisposed subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHOD: A survey of 20 chest physicians, 20 ophthalmologists and 200 patients suffering from obstructive airway disease was conducted in 2 hospitals and a welfare center of Karachi from August to September 1997. The results indicate that ophthalmologists showed more awareness than chest physicians regarding use of beta blocker eye drops by patients with obstructive airways disease [p = 0.004]. Patient awareness was low as well. There is a need to update doctors and educate general public about the side effects of beta blocker eye drops in patients with obstructive airway disease

Efeito do maleato de timolol sobre a pressäo intra-ocular no glaucoma congênito / Timolol maleate effects on intraocular pressure in congenital glaucoma

Foram estudados 19 olhos de 11 pacientes portadores de glaucoma congênito hereditário simples, ou primário (média etária de 19 anos). Todos os olhos já haviam sido operados (no mínimo uma vez e no máximo 3 vezes)para tratamento da doença. Estavam sob uso de colírio de maleato de timolol 0,5 por um perodo näo inferior a 4 meses, prescrito em virtude de näo apresentarem pressäo intra-ocular devidamente controlada pela(s) cirurgia(s). Foram determinadas as medidas tonométricas nos horários de 8 - 11 e 14 hs. A medicaçäo ocular foi entäo suspensa por um período de 15 dias tendo após este tempo sido determinado novamente os valores da pressäo intra-ocular nos mesmos horários anteriormente considerados. Os valores tonométricos obtidos com mediçäo foram comparados com os valores sem medicaçäo. As variaçöes tonométricas percentuais também foram determinadas. observou-se diferença significativa dos valores tonométricos com medicaçäo em relaçäo aos valores sem medicaçäo, sendo mais baixos os valores obtidos sob o uso da droga. Os resultados mostraram que o maleato de timolol 0.5 pode ser pode ser efetivo em reduzir a pressäo intra-ocular no glaucoma congênito hereditário simples, com a doença näo devidamente controlada cirurgicamente.

Efeito colateral tardio de colírios de timolol e betaxolol em pai e filho / Systemy toxicity of Beta blokers

Relato breve de dois casos acerca dos beta-bloqueadores de açäo tópica ocular

Timolol e broncoespasmo: uma palavra de precauçäo / Timolol and bronchospasm: a precaution word

Através do relato de dois casos, säo evidenciados parefeitos do maleato de timolol tópico em pacientes com glaucoma e DPOC. Essa droga provoca exacerbaçäo do componente broncoespático, mesmo com as doses terapêuticas preconizadas